Abstract: Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have recently made significant strides in various fields; however, they are susceptible to adversarial examples—crafted inputs with imperceptible perturbations ...

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Suzanne is a content marketer, writer, and ...

Julia Kagan is a financial/consumer journalist and former senior editor, personal finance, of Investopedia. Ebony Howard is a certified public accountant and a QuickBooks ProAdvisor tax expert. She ...

Abstract: Machine learning approaches are becoming increasingly popular to improve the efficiency of specific emitter identification (SEI). However, in most non-cooperative SEI scenarios, supervised ...