Thermal fluids will inevitably degrade over time when continually exposed to high temperatures, and the ability of thermal fluids to effectively transfer heat will diminish. Typically, the adverse ...

Oxidation, which occurs when hot thermal fluid meets air and produces acids, is responsible for over 95 % of thermal fluid replacement recommendations. Acids formed by oxidation build up over time and ...

In both residential and commercial buildings, heating and cooling cycles can take a toll on piping systems. When pipes expand due to heat and contract when they cool, they stress joints, supports, and ...

When the search for habitable exoplanets requires a 1,000 times more stable telescope than James Webb Space Telescope, even minimal material expansion down to a fraction of the width of an atom is the ...